Showing posts with label Ethiopian nationalist suicide. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ethiopian nationalist suicide. Show all posts

Sunday, 7 October 2018

የ«ኢትዮጵያዊነት» ጎራው በቂ አለመደራጀቱ ነው የሀገራችን ፖለቲካ መሰረታዊ ችግር!

የኢትዮጵያ ፖለቲካዊ ሁኔታ ገደል የገባው በኃይለ ሥላሴ ዘመን አስፈላጊ ለውጦች ባለመደረጋቸው ማርክሲዝም እና አብዮት በሀገራችን መስፈኑ ነው። በዚህ ሂደት በሀገራዊ ብሄርተኝነት የሚያምነው የፖለቲካ ልሂቃን ተከፋፍለው እና እርስ በርስ ተፋጀተው የሀገራችን ፖለቲካ በጎሳ ብሄርተኞች እንዲወረር ተው።

ይህ የፈጠረው ሁኔታ ይህ ነው፤ የጎሳ ብሄርተኝነትን የሚከተለው ብዙሃን በፖለቲካ ድርጅት፤ ኃይል እና ልሂቃን ደረጃ በአግባቡ ተወክሏል። በአንጻሩ በኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት የሚያምነው ብዙሃን አልተወከለም ማለት ይቻላል። ከ100 ሚሊዮን ህዝብ ቢያንስ ግማሹ ጠንካራ ኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ ነው። ግን ይህ ግዙፍ የሆነው ህዝብ ብዛቱ የሚገባው ድርጅት የለውም። ግንቦት 7 ነው ያለው አቅሙ ግን የ50 ሚሊዮን ህዝብ የሚወክል ድርጅት ያህል አይደለም። ቅርቡም አይደለም።

ይህ ነው የኢትዮጵያ ፖለቲካ ዋና እና መሰረታዊ ችግር። በታም ግዙፍ የሆነ የብዙሃኑ ክፍል የልሂቃን፤ ምሁራን፤ እና የፖለቲካ መደብ ውክልና የለውም። ይህ የተዛባ (distorted) ሁኔታ ፖለቲከኞቻችን የተዛባ ውሳኔዎች እንዲወስዱ ያደርጋል እና ሀገሪቷን ግጭት በግጭት የደርጋል።

አልፎ ተርፎ በአግባቡ ያልተወከለ ግዙፍ ብዙሃን አንድ ቀን ይፈነዳልና ወደ አብዮት ያመራል። የአማራ ብሄርተኝነት ማደግ ይህን ያመለክታል። በዜግነት መደራጀት ስላቃተን በጎሳ እንደራጅ ነው የአማራ ብሄርተኝነት መሰረታዊ ግፊቱ። ይህ ሁኔታ በዚ አቅጣጫ ከቀጠለ ምሃል ሀገሩ (centre) ባዶ ቀርቶ የፖለቲካ ኃይል በሙሉ ከጠረፎቹ (periphery) ይሆናል። ይህ ደግሞ እንደምናውቀው የጎሳ ውድድር፤ ከዛ ግጭት፤ ከዛ ጦርነት ያመጣል። ለዚህ የ27 ዓመት መረጃ አለን።

ስለዚህ የፖለቲካችን ችግር ለመፈታት ዘንድ የኢትዮጵያ ብሀኢርተኝነት ጎራው በአግባቡ መደራጀት ግድ ነው። ቅድመ ሁኔታ (necessary precondition) ነው። በአስር ሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠረው የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ ብዙሃኑ ቁጥሩን የሚመጥን ፖለቲካዊ ውክልና ያስፈልገዋል። የመሃል እና ጠረፍ (centre and periphery) ሚዛን መስተካከል አለበት። ይህ ከሆነ የፖለቲካ መደቡ በእውነታ የተመሰረተ ድርድር ማድረግ ይችላል። ሁሉም ህዝብ በተወከለበት ማለት ነው።

ይህን ነጥብ እንዴት አጠንክሬ ማስደምደም እንደምችል አላውቅም! የኢትዮጵያዊነት ጎራው በአግባቡ አለመደራጀቱ ነው እስካሁን ያለውን የፖለቲካ ችግር የሚቀጥለው። ካሁን በኋላም ካልተደራጀ ፖለቲካችን ወደ ቀውስ እና ሁከት መሄዱ አይቀርም።

Thursday, 1 February 2018

Short Memories!

Some of us seem surprised at comments by a certain political commentator, Muluwerq Kidanemariam, that given the current political atmosphere, Tigray Region might find it necessary to invoke article 39 of the constitution and exit Ethiopia. But given the history of the TPLF, such comments are nothing unusual and nothing to be alarmed about.

It seems that many have forgotten, or were too young to remember, the TPLF and EPRDF of the 1990's, particularly until the 2000 Ethio-Eritrean War. This was the peak of ethnic nationalism and anti-Ethiopian nationalist rhetoric in Ethiopia, sponsored and encouraged by the TPLF and EPRDF. TPLF supporters, arm in arm with their EPLF comrades, gleefully lorded it over us 'chauvinists'. It was de rigueur for EPRDF members and supporters to identify with their ethnicity first, and Ethiopia second, and reluctantly at that. Often us naïve and shell-shocked Ethiopian nationalists would during the course of a discussion ask a TPLF or OPDO/OLF supporter if they consider themselves Ethiopian, and the defiant answer would be that they are Tigrean or Oromo first, and then Ethiopian (maybe)!


EPRDF officials and supporters would often say that if by some improbable tragedy the TPLF/EPRDF would fall from power and the 'chauvinists' replace them, they would promptly exit Ethiopia. Their 'Ethiopianness' hung on a thread. This was the tone of Ethiopian politics during the 1990's, and this is merely what Ato Muluwerq has repeated in his interview. Nothing new!

During the Ethio-Eritrean war, things changed a little. The departure of EPLF officials and supporters from Ethiopian political circles resulted in a lowering of anti-Ethiopianism in Addis Ababa. In addition, the war effort required the EPRDF to mobilize a good degree of patriotism - Ethiopian patriotism - all around Ethiopia, even in Oromia, the region that the EPRDF claimed was most victimized by Ethiopian nationalism. The EPRDF were very pragmatic - they did what they needed to do to achieve their goal which was, via war, saving face over the EPLF. So pragmatic were they that they recruited former military officers of their arch-enemy Dergue into the Ethiopian military for the fight!

After the war, and leading up to the 2005 elections, the EPRDF began to shift from fervent anti-Ethiopian nationalism to a little more centrist position. Its anti-chauvinist rhetoric began to be accompanied by anti-'narrow nationalist' rhetoric. Eventually, driven by a more flexible Meles Zenawi, the EPRDF even tried the open 2005 elections, leaving itself vulnerable to the feared and hated chauvinist political forces. When the course of the elections did not go as planned, Meles reverted to form and raised the specter of anti-Tigrayan violence and even talked about genocide! Again, this is what we are seeing now - again, many TPLF supporters are interpreting the threat to the monopoly that the TPLF/EPRDF has on political power as an anti-Tigrayan pogrom!

After crushing the 2005 anti-government movement - with indispensable help from the opposition I might add - the ERPDF moved quickly to an agenda of political monopoly through economic growth - the China/East Asia 'developmental state' model. In the Ethiopian context, the EPRDF named this model 'lmatawi mengst'. The EPRDF figured that a focus on development would make the people forget about politics and, just as importantly, ethnicity. The developmental state was a bargain with the Ethiopian people - high economic growth in exchange for monopoly political power - and it was a great success for the EPRDF. Far more successful than it would have ever imagined. Any political opposition was squashed with impunity, but we, the masses, generally acquiesced, was we were to busy making money - or trying to.

During this time, the EPRDF continued moving slowly away from ethnic nationalism. The rhetoric about Tigrawi-first, Ethiopian-second became a distant memory. Instead, members and supporters of the EPRDF began to portray themselves as being 'more Ethiopian' than their opponents, including the 'chauvinists'! The term 'chauvinist' itself became passé in EPRDF circles, and was replaced by terrorists and anti-Ethiopians! What a change from the old days!

However, with time, the developmental state began to display its own problems. As elsewhere, for example China, the masses began to express intense dissatisfaction with the corruption of the ruling party and the resulting lack of civic and economic justice. This is a significant problem in and of itself. But in Ethiopia, it has been increased orders of magnitude because of ethnic nationalism. Because of ethnic nationalism, this dissatisfaction is expressed not just in civic terms, but ethnic terms, and as we all know, any conflict is greatly increased if ethnicity becomes a factor.

So now, the TPLF and its supporters see themselves faced with an existential crisis, and they don't seem to have anyone to help them figure out an innovative solution. So they retreat into old theories and clichés of their childhood, such as what Ato Muluwerq talks about in his interview.

This is not surprising, neither should it be alarming. But it is folly to expect the TPLF, a small partner in the EPRDF, to continue to manufacture solutions - good or bad - to Ethiopian political problems. Inevitably, they will reach a state of exhaustion - they might even be there now. Their never ending yearning for Meles, who had a way of assessing and finding a way out of problems, shows this. They should be relieved of this huge burden that we have saddled them with for decades. By 'we', I mean the general political opposition, especially those who consider ourselves Ethiopian nationalists. It is we who have failed the nation, and even though we have severely debilitated ourselves, we have no choice but to somehow grow up and do our fair share.

So let us not worry about the Ato Muluwerq's of this world. They are at their wits end, and for this I don't blame them. It us up to us to find a way out of this quagmire.

Saturday, 6 May 2017

Alternative Political Elite?

When the Dergue collapsed in 1991 and the EPLF, TPLF, and OLF rode into power, we feared the worst. After all, the EPLF, TPLF, and OLF were nothing but ethnic nationalist rebels – shiftas – as far as we were concerned, bent on destroying or breaking apart Ethiopia.

Now, 26 years later, Ethiopia is still alive – yes, with a lot of problems – but still alive. Even though Eritrea separated and an unadvised ethnicist constitution was enacted, Ethiopia has survived. It has survived in large part because its population, in aggregate, was and remains nationalist and patriotic enough to resist the extremes of ethnic nationalism advocated by the TPLF. The TPLF tried, like Ataturk in Turkey, to drag the population kicking and screaming towards something it did not believe in, in this case, ethnic nationalism, but this only worked somewhat. To a large extent, Ethiopianism is alive and well.

Indeed, we can say that the Ethiopian people have moderated the TPLF. Recall that in the early 1990’s, there was no such thing as a ‘narrow nationalist’ – only ‘chauvinists’. Let alone Oromos, even Tigreans were encouraged by the TPLF to identify as ‘Tigrean first and Ethiopian second’. Today there is no such thing. Much of the TPLF now sees the extreme ethnic nationalism it once espoused as an albatross around its neck.

If commendation were possible, the Ethiopian people ought to be commended for this. It is only their strong nationalism and patriotism that has averted disaster and kept the country alive. But what is remarkable is that they did all this without an elite – it was all at the grassroots level. As I said above, in 1991, the EPLF, TPLF, and OLF were the political parties with power. There was no Ethiopian nationalist or Ethiopianist elite to speak of. After all, this elite had committed a long suicide – from 1960 when Haile Selassie’s elite first began to develop suicidal impulses – to the culmination in 1991. Thus when the EPLF, TPLF, and OLF in 1991 began to discuss their future in power, there was no nationalist elite – political or military – to stand up for Ethiopia. It was left to the people – the grassroots – to keep the country alive, and this they did.

Today, still, an Ethiopianist elite is largely absent. This is not surprising – political elites cannot appear overnight – it takes years, maybe generations. Having completed its suicide by 1991, and then having been prevented from rising up since then by the EPRDF, the Ethiopian nationalist elite remains a small, sick, disabled child which has lost all connection to its ancestors.
Is this a result solely of the EPRDF repression of the opposition which we all know about? Certainly not. Were it so, the elite would have strongly manifested itself in the diaspora, outside of the reach of the EPRDF. It has not. Another piece of evidence is the Kinijit fiasco of 2007, which was caused mainly because of elite immaturity and resulting infighting within Kinijit, which was that period’s manifestation of the Ethiopianist elite.

This for me is clear evidence that it is the Ethiopian nationalist political suicide of 1960-1991 that has resulted in its demise. Therefore the idea that many have that EPRDF repression is the cause of the poor state of the Ethiopianist elite, and that if the repression would end all would be fine, is wrongheaded. It was a long and complicated demise and it will take a long and complicated course to resurrect this elite. In the meantime, much of the Ethiopian population remains hungry for nationalist leadership.

So where does this leave those of us Ethiopianists who would like positive change in Ethiopian politics? Those of us who would like a reduction in ethnic nationalism, a reduction in repression, corruption, immorality, and injustice, a platform for safely and constructively discussing and competing policies. Those of us who would like Ethiopia to, at the minimum, be governed by a government that is actually liked by the people. At least a nationalist or populist government. Where does this leave those of us who would like this?

Well, obviously the straightforward path of organizing movements and parties is out of the question. This would result in swift imprisonment and torture, and maybe even death. Since the opposition elite is weak from 50 years of suicide, it cannot hope to directly struggle its way through such repression. This is what the past 26 years of experience shows.

The only possible path is the one that is not direct – the one that involves joining the current political system – joining the EPRDF in other words – and struggling from within. Making the EPRDF itself the vehicle for change since the EPRDF is the only political institution today with the capacity to bring about change and with an experienced elite.

Impossible, the cynics say! The TPLF, representing 8% of the population, will never allow that. Actually, it is quite possible, precisely because if the 92% is only slightly competent, even the superb 8% cannot dominate it. Like Putin worked on the inside and rose all the way to President and changed Russia 180 degrees, those who want change in Ethiopia can do the same. Of course, it will require those who are as wise as serpents and innocent as doves. One has to go along with the party, slowly accumulating political capital and power along the way, not rocking the boat, so to speak, until reaching a level of power which allows him the freedom to enforce his will. At the same time, someone with a good conscience can, while obeying broad party directives, avoid perpetrating injustice and repression, and indeed even rescuing those who might be ill affected by cruel and immoral party cadres. This requires a high level of political maturity and skill – it’s a difficult task. But it remains the only way forward now. Simply waiting for divine intervention or some kind of revolt is akin to doing nothing. Or worse than that – it is waiting for a disaster that we cannot cope with.

So, in my opinion, for those who are interested in bringing positive change to Ethiopian politics, today, there is no other vehicle but the EPRDF. The alternative political elite still hasn’t recovered from 50 years of suicide – it doesn’t exist in Ethiopia nor in the diaspora nor anywhere else. Therefore, rather than beating our heads against a wall trying to do the impossible, trying to mobilize international pressure or trying to build yet another failing opposition movement, let us get in the inside and begin a slow movement of taking over the EPRDF.

Friday, 21 October 2016

The Oromo Nation – A Fait Accompli?

2009/2/20 (Ethiopian calendar)
2016/10/20 (European calendar)

[Note: An Amharic version of this post will appear sometime!]

(pdf)

I've just read Dr Ezekiel Gebissa's reply to Dr Tedla Woldeyohannes' questions about the upcoming Oromo Leadership Convention in Atlanta. While answering the questions, Dr Ezekiel gives us some idea of his vision of the relationship between the Oromo nation and Ethiopia. In this article I'll take what I consider to be the best parts of his article – two major points – and expand on them.

The first is that Ethiopian history, in other words the story of Ethiopia, can be interpreted in various ways. It can be made to fit a story of a single nation albeit with different ethnic groups, or a nation of nations, or even prison of nations.

For what it's worth, I too agree that history and ethnic and national identity are to a large extent matters of interpretation. No one interpretation is the Gospel Truth. We can argue all we want about these, as we have done for decades, as laymen, as academicians, as politicians, in various contexts and within different paradigms; some of us might even change our minds; but at the end of the day, if we want live together in peace, we have to be able to agree to disagree.

Note that I say this as an ardent Ethiopian nationalist who considers the synthesis story of one multiethnic nation as the true story. Further, I consider the ethnic nationalist story not only untrue but that if it goes too far, it does not bode well for the nation as a whole. The mere fact that arguments for this story are often buttressed by claims of victimhood obviously makes for tensions, acrimony, and negative competition between ethnic groups. I would like to note that such claims are not at all necessary to build the ethnic nationalist story – it can be constructed quite well without them – but the fact that they are often used illustrates the risks that come with ethnic nationalism.

But I digress... There are valid differing opinions and they have to co-exist. In order to co-exist, I believe that we Ethiopian nationalists have not only to strive to understand these opinions, but beyond understanding we must try to empathize. Look, Oromo ethnic nationalism is not the first ethnic nationalism in the world! Plenty of other multiethnic nations are having to deal with ethnic nationalisms of different types. This alone should give one pause. We are not alone. As such I believe that humility requires that we Ethiopian nationalists step back re-assess our understanding and response to ethnic nationalism. Yes, we are right to stand and argue against it, but our position should not be as in the past, where we fought against the very right of ethnic nationalism to be politically expressed and advocated repressing it by force. That was then and is now not only an unwise but also, dare I say, an immoral course.

The second point of Dr Ezekiel's that I wish to discuss is the following: that all the arguments have been made and done, and today the Oromo nation, as part of an Ethiopian nation of nations, is a fait accompli. Ethnicity is enshrined in the Ethiopian constitution and a generation of Oromos have been taught, exclusively, ethnic nationalism. Again, this is true. Sad, for us Ethiopian nationalists, but true! We have to not only accept this new political reality, but we have to learn from how it came about so that we can avoid making the same mistakes as the past.

So, how did it come about? We Ethiopian nationalists played a huge role by mismanaging the country, by neglecting to make necessary accommodations, and perhaps worst of all, by committing political fratricide over the past half century. We managed to convert Eritrea from a region eager to join Ethiopia to a nation willing to sacrifice thousands to leave it. We made Ethiopia such an inhospitable and repressive country that some relatively few ethnic nationalist elites were able to leverage this into a vast expansion of ethnic nationalism. After the EPRDF gained power, rather than doing the obvious – conducting a self-examination to see how we could go so wrong as to leave the hands of the country in the hands of self-proclaimed ethnic nationalists – we concentrated on blaming the EPRDF for happening to fill a vacuum we created! And we bickered... Even after the EPRDF instituted today's radical ethnic nationalist constitution, we continued, in absentia, to argue amongst ourselves while the roots of ethnic nationalism spread!

Yet, despite the failures of the elite, Ethiopian nationalism still remained strong among the masses. You will recall that even just eleven years ago Kinijit demonstrated an unexpected amount of nation-wide support for at least some degree of de-ethnicization. However, our Ethiopian nationalist elites managed to make a right mess of that as well. Even today, there is no significant Ethiopian nationalist political movement – Ethiopian nationalism, as a story remains only in the hearts of the masses.

Now, we have to face Dr Ezekiel's fait accompli, not with denial, not by blaming others, and not with nostalgia, but by accepting reality and responding with a constructive agenda. Given the huge rise in Oromo ethnic nationalism and the confused state of the EPRDF, the nation of Ethiopia needs a strong Ethiopian nationalist movement to act as a counter-balance – to bring about a less risky equilibrium to the country's politics. The impediment to this is not the EPRDF nor Oromo ethnic nationalism, but the Ethiopian nationalist elite. It is time we pull ourselves up with our bootstraps before it is too late.

Wednesday, 21 September 2016

«ወያኔ» እኛው የወለድነው ልጅ እንደሆነ አንካድ!

2009/1/11 .. (2016/9/21)

የጽሁፎቼ ሁሉ ዋና አላማ ለኢትዮጵያ ችግሮች ከኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኝነት አኳያ መፍትሄ ለማጋኘት ነው። ስሜት ለማተንፈስ፤ ለመሳደብ፤ በባዶ ቤት ለመዛት ወይም ለመለመን አይደለም። መፍትሄ መፍትሄ መፍትሄ ነው አላማዬ። የአንድ ችግር መፍትሄ ለማግኘት ደግሞ ምንጩን ማወቅ ግድ ነው። ምንጩን ካወቅን መፍትሄው ይመጣል።

«ወያኔ» እኛው ሀገር ወዳድ ነን የምንለው ኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኞች የወለድነው ልጅ እንደሆነ ከገባን ምን ስህተሀቶች አድርገን ልጃችን እንደዚህ እንደሆነም እነዚህንም ስህተቶች እንዴት በመአረም የኢትዮጵያ ጠክላላ የፖለቲካና መሐበራዊ ችግሮችን እንዴት መፍታት እንደምንችል እንረዳለን።

የኢትዮጵያ ዋና የፖለቲካ ችግርን በቀላሉ ማስቀመጥ ይቻላል፤ ያለው መንግስት በቂ ኢትዮጵያዊያንን አይወክልምም መላው ህብረተሰቡም በአንድ ሀገራዊ ውል (የሀገሪቷ ፖለቲካ ምን መምሰል እንዳለበት – social contract) አልተስማማምም።

ሁላችንም እንደምናውቀው ኢህአዴግ በህወሃት ትጽዕኖ የሚገዛ ድርጅት ነው። ርዓዮት ዓለሙም በጎሳ ብሄርተኝነት የተመሰረተ ነው። ከዚህ «ስዕል» ማን ነው የሚጎለው? ወይም ከሀገራችን ፖለቲካ የትኛው በርካታ ህዝብ የሚወክል ጎራ ነው የጠፋው? ኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኛ ነኝ የሚለው ጎራ ነው የጠፋው። እንዴት እንደዚህ አይነት አገዛዝ በኢትዮጵያ ሊሰፍን ቻለ?! ከሌሎች ጽሁፎች እንደጠቀስኩት የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች በኃይለ ስላሴም በደርግም ዘመን የራስ ማጥፋት ዘመቻ ስላካሄዱ ነው። የኃይለ ስላሴ መንግስት እንደ መሬት ለአራሹ አይነት አስፈላጊ ለውጦች ባለማድረግና በኢትዮጵያዊነት ፋንታ ዘመናዊነትን እከተላለሁ ብሎ ሀገር አፍራሽ የሆነ የተማሪ ንቅናቄ የሚባል ትውለድ አፈራ። ደርግን ሻእብያን ህወሃያትን ኦነግን ኢህአፓ ወዘተ አፈራ። 1983 ሲደርስ እራሱን በደምብ አጥፍቶ የኢትዮጵያ ፖለቲካ የገዢ ወገን በጎሳ ብሄርተኛ ብቻ ሞልቶ ቀረ። ለዚህ ነው ዛሬ ያለነው ሁኔታ የተፈጠረው እንደዚህም ነው ህወሃት ተፈጥሮ ያደገው።

ላለን ችግር ታድያ ምክንያቱ በመጀመርያ ህወሃት ነው? በፍጹም። ህወሃትም ኢህአዴግም እኛ በቀደድንላቸው ግዙፍ ቀዳዳ ባላቸው የመንፈስና የጭንቅላት አቅም የሚችሉትን እያደረጉ ነው። ከነሱ እስከ ዛሬ ያደረጉት በላይ መጠየቁ አግባብ አይደለም።

እስቲ ስሜታዊ ሳንሆን ተረጋግተን እናስበው፤ ኢህአዴግ ኢትዮጵያን እገዘዋለሁ ብሎ በፍጹም አስቦ አያውቅም። ኃይላችን ውስን ነው፤ የመኻል ሀገር መንግስቱ በርካታ ኃይልና አቅም አለው፤ ብሎ እንኳን ህወሃት ከሱ ጠንካራውም ሸአብያ ደርግን ከማሸነፍ ድርድርን በበር የሚያስበው። ህወሃት አሸንፎ ሙሉ ሀገሪቷን ሲገዙ ዱብዳ ነው የሆነባቸው።

በተፈጥሮ ትዕቢትን ይጨምራል። ኢህአዴግ ደግሞ እንደ ዳዊት ታላቁን ኃይለኛ ጎሊያድን ያሸነፈ ስለመሰለው ይበልጥ ኩራትና በራስ መተማመን አደረበት። ይህን ግብ መምታት መቻሌ ድርጊቴ በሙሉ ትክክል ነው ማለት ነው ብሎ ማሰብ ጀመረ። እራሱንም ከሌሎች ድርጅቶች በሙሉ ልዩ ጎበዝና የበላይ አድርጎ ማሰብ ጀመረ። ህወሃት በዚህ መንፈስ ነው በ1983 ስልጣን የያዘው።

ከዛ ቀጥሎ ስልጣኑን በሚያረጋግጥበት ሰሞን ተቀናቃኞቹ አንድ በአንድ ሲፈርሱ አየ። ኦነግን በቀላሉ አሸነፈ። ኢህአፓም ሌሎችም እንደዚሁ። የኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኛ የፖለቲካ ጎራ ደግሞ ጭራሽ ምንም ኃይል ስላልነበረው ኢህአዴግ ምንም ማድረግ አላስፈለገውም።

በተዘዋዋሪ የኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኝነት የፖለቲካ ጎራ በዛን ጊዜ ኃይል ማጣቱ ኢህአዴግን እጅግ የተሳሳተ ድምዳሜ ላይ እንዲደርስ አድርጎታል። ኃይል ስላጣ ከጥቂት የሆኑ የተማሩ ወገኖች በስተቀር ይህ ጎራ ከህብረተሰቡ ምንም ድጋፍ የለውም ብሎ ኢህአዴግ ገመተ። የቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት፤ የደርግ የኮሙኒስት አቋም፤ የኤኮኖሜው መበላሸት፤ ወዘተ እንደ ምክንያት ሳይቆጠር ደርግ መሸነፉ ኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት እንደተሸነፈም ብሀገሪቷም እንደማይፈለግ ተቆጠረ። ይህ ታልቅ ስህተት መሆኑን ኢህአዴግ በየጊዜው እየገባው ሄዷል።

ዞሮ ዞሮ ኢህአዴግ ሀገሪቷን ተቆጣጠረ። ማንም አልተፎካከረውም። ትዕቢቱም እየጨመረ ሄደ!

ኢህአዴግ ስልጣኑን ካረጋገጠ በኋላ ህዝቡ አልፎ አልፎ መንግስት ላይ መነሳት ጀመረ። ኢህአዴግ ሁሉንም አይነት አመጽ (ለምሳሌ የ1986ና የ1993) በቀላሉ ተቆጣጠረ። ትዕቢቱ መጨመሩ ቀጠለ።

በዚህ ጊዜም አንዳንድ ተቃዋሚ ድርጅቶች ቢያንስ መንግስትን ለመተቸት ያህል ይበቁ ነበር። ግን እርስ በርስ ሲጣሉና በትንሽ ግፊት ሲፈርሱ ሲያይ የኢህአዴግ ትዕቢት ማየል ቀጠለ።

ከዛ ቀጥሎ የኤርትራ ጦርነት ተነሳ። ኢህአዴግ ይሄንንም ፈተና እንደ ድርጅት ቆስሎም ቢሆን 70,000 በላይ ወታደር ሞቶም ቢሆን አሸነፈ። የሚፈራውን ታላቅ ወንድሙን በማሸነፉ የዝቅተኛ መንፈሳቸውን አስወገዱ። ኢትዮጵያንም ለብቻው ተቆጣጠረ! ትዕቢቱም ጨመረ። እኛ ኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኞች ከዳር ሆነን አጨበጨብን።

አምስት ዓመት በኋላ ኢህአዴግ የምርጫ 1997 ፈተና አጋጠመው። ፈተናው እጅግ ከባድ ቢሆንም በመጨረሻ ኢህአዴግ ያለውን የተቃዋሚ ጎር ድራሹን አጥፍቶም የሀገሪቷን ኤኮኖሚ ክፍ አድርጎ ተቃውሞን ገደለው። ለዚህ ሁሉ ድል እራሱን ለመሸለም ያህል የ2007 ምርጫን መቶ በመቶ እንዲያሸንፍ አደረገ። ትዕቢቱ ናረ!

ይህንን ታሪክ ስንመለከት እኛ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች ህወሃትን እንደፈጠርነው፤ አጣመን እንዳሳደግነው፤ ጥሩ ምሳሌ ባለመሆናችን እንዲክደን ያደረግነው፤ እራሳችንን በማጥፋት ልቅ እንዳደረግነው ሁሉ ማመን አለብን። ኢትዮጵያ በኛ እጅ ሆና ደጋግመን ተሳሳትን አጠፋን ጨኮንንም አበላሸንም። ለእነ ህወሃት መንገዱን ጨርቅ አደረግንላቸው።

ስልጣን ከያዙም በሗል ጠፋንባቸው። እርስ በርስ ያለመተባበርም የመጠራጠርም ብሽታ ይዞን እነሱን የሚፎካከር የፖለቲካና ህዝባዊ ኃይል መዋቀር አልቻልንም። ይህም ኢህአዴግ የተሳሳተ መንገዱን እንዲቀጥል ረዳው ብቻ ሳይሆን አስገደደውምም ማለት ይቻላል። አንድ ድርጅት እራሱን ለማስተካከል ሃሳብ ብቻ ሳይሆን ተግባራው ምክንያት (incentive) ያስፈልገዋ። ኢህአዴግም የሚቀናቀነው ኃይል ፊቱ ቢቆም ኖሮ የተሻለ ሃሳብን እንዲያሰላስል ይገደድ ነበር። እኛ የኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኞች ግን ይሄንን ትንሽ ግዴታችንንም አላሟላንም።


ታድያ ሀገራችን የፖለቲካ ችግር ምንጭ ዬት ነው? ከኛ ከኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኞች ነው። መፍትሄውም ከኛ ነው። ኢህአዴግን መክሰስም መፍትሄ ከሱ መጠበቅም ዋጋ ዬለውም። እኛ ነን ችግሩን ያመጣነው እኛም ነን የምንፈታው። ከፈታነው በኋላ ልጆችንን «ወያኔን» ይቅርጣ እንጠይቀዋለንም።


Monday, 29 August 2016

የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች፤ አርፍደን ቢሆንም ነቅተናልን?

2008/12/12 ዓ.ም. (2016/8/18)

በመጀመርያ ለመላው ለኢትዮጵያ ህዝብ ይቅርታዬን ላቀርብ እወዳለሁ። የሀገሬ የኢትዮጲያ ወዳጅ በአንድ ኢትዮጵያ የማምን የኢትዮጲያ ብሄርተኛ እንደመሆኔ ለ60 ዓመት በላይ ሀገሬን በድያታለሁና። ፖለቲካዋ እንዲበላሽ ፈቅጄ ህዝቧ እንዲጎሳቆል አድርግያለውና።

ልጆቻችን ሀገራችንን የሚጠቅም የሙያ ትምህርት እንዲማሩ ብለን ወደ ፈረንጅ ሀገራት ስንልካችረው ተገቢውን ጥንቃቄ ሳናደርግ ቀርተናል ። በዚህ ምክንያት አባቶቻቸውን፤ ባህላቸውን፤ ትውፊታቸውን እንዲንቁ የሚያረግ ሀገር አጥፊ የሆነ ርዓዮት ዓለም እንደ ጣዖት እያማለኩ ተመለሱ። እኛም «የተማረ ይግደለኝ» እያልን ለሚያመጡት አደጋ ታውረን ተቀበልናቸው። 

ይህ እንዳለ ሆኖ ተገቢ የሆኑትን የመሬት የቋንቋ ወዘተ የፖለቲካ ጉዳዮችን በአግባቡ መመለስ እኛ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች አቅቶን ህዝብ ጨራሽ የሆነ የተማሪ ንቅናቄና የወታደር ጥምረት ስልጣን እንዲይዝ አደረግን። የኛ ኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ የሆነውን ጎራ ከፖለቲካ ተሰደድን ወይም ኢዲዩ ነኝ፤ እህአፓ ነኝ፤ ደርግ ነኝ ወዘተ እያልን እርስ በርሱ ተለያየንም ተጨራረስንም። በመጨረሻ የወለድነው የደርግ መንግስት ሀገራችንን አመሰቃቅሎ ህዝብን በስመ ኢትዮጵያዊነት ገድሎ አንዳንድ ወገኖቻችንን ወደ እነ ሻእብያ፤ ህወሓት፤ ኦነግ ወዘተ አይነት የጎሳ ድርጅቶች እንዲሽሸጉ አድርጎ ሀገሪቷን ለነዚሁም አስረከበ። 

1983 ዓ.ም. ሲደርስ ኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኝነት እንደ ፖሊቲካ ኃይል የመጨረሻ ወድቆ ተገኘ። በፖለቲካ ድርግት ወይም ንቅናቄ መልክ አልነበረም። በመጽሔትና ለቅሶ ቤት ብቻ ቀርቶ ነበር። የኢትዮጵያ ህልውና በኃይል ያላቸው የጎሳ ብሄርተኞች እንደ ህወሓት ተወሰነ። እኛ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች እራሳችንን በማጥፋት ሜዳውን ለነሱ ለወለድናቸው «የጠፉ ልጆች» ተውንላቸው። ታድያ ለዚህ ሁሉ ይቅርታ መጠየቅ አያስፈልግምን?!

ላለፉት የ60 ዓመታት የኢትዮጵያ የፖሊቲካ ችግሮችን የኢትዮጵያዊ ብሄርተኛ ወገንን ብቻ ጥፋተኛ ማድረግ ጉዳዩን ማቅለል እንደሆነ አላጣሁትም። ግን በኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች ጥፋትና ድክመት ማተኮር የመረጥኩት አስተማሪ ስለሆነና የችግሮቹን መፍትሄ በግልጽ እንድናይና እንድንረዳ ስለሚጠቅመን ነው።

ለምሳሌ በተደጋጋሚ የሚነሳው ጥያቄ «ከአናሳ ብሄር የመነጨው ኢህአዴግ ለ25 ዓመት ስልጣን እንዴት ሊይዝ ቻለ» ነው። የዚህንም ጥያቄ መልስ ካገኘን ነው ለውጥ ማምጣት የሚቻለው። ለዚህ ዋናው መልስ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ የሆነው የፖሊቲካ ጎራ ከኢትዮጵያ የፖሊቲካ ሜዳ ስለጠፋ ወይም ኃይል አላባ ስለሆነ ነው። የጠፋው ደግሞ በህወሓት እጅ ሳይሆን በራሱ እጅ ነው። የተማሪ ንቅናቄው የለኮሰው አብዮትና የደርግ መንግስት የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ አመራርንና ልሂቃንን ሀገር ውስጥም ወደ ውጭም በታተናቸው። የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ የሆነው ብዙሃንም በደርግ ዘመን በነበረው ጭካኔ ተመርዞ «ፖሊቲካና ኮሬንቲ» እያለ ፖሊቲካን ዞር ብሎ ላለማየት ወሰነ።

በዚህ ምክነያት የኢትዮጵያ ፖሊቲካ ሚዛን አጣ እስከ ዛሬም አጥቷል። ይህ እጂግ ዋና ነጥብ ነው። በታወቀው የ1983 ዓ.ም. የለንደን ሰብሰባ የተደራጀ ኃይል የነበራቸው ጎራዎች ሻእብያ ኢህአዴግና ኦነግ ነበሩ። ቢዚህ ምክነያት የኢትዮጵያ የወደፊት አካሄድን የወሰኑት፤ እንደ ህገ መንግስት አይነቱን መሰረታው ስምምነቶች ያቀናበሩት፤ የተወሰኑት የጎሳ ብሄርተኛ ድርጅቶች ናቸው። የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛው ጎራ በመደራጀትና በኃይል ማጣት ምክንያት አልተሳተፈም።

ይህ ሲሆን ኢህአዴግና ሌሎቹ ትልቅ ስህተት አድርገዋል። ደርግና የኃይለ ስላሴ መንግስት መውደቃቸውና የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች የተደረጀ ኃይል ማጣጣቸው የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት በብዙሃኑ ተቀባይነት እንዳጣ ያሳያል ብለው ገመቱ። ነገር ግን የተወሰኑ ወገኖች የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነትን ባለመፈለግ ደርግን ቢዋጉትም አብዛናው ህዝብ ደርግን የጠላው ስለ ሶሺአሊዝሙ ጭካኔው ወዘተ ነው። 

ሆኖም ይህ በኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት የሚያምን ግን ደርግን የማይወድ ህዝብ ብፖሊቲካ ድርድሩ አልትቆጠርም አልተሳተፈም አልተወከለምም። ይባስ ብሎ ኢህአዴግ ለ 25ዓመታት ዋና ስራውን የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኞች (ወይም «ትምክህተኛና ነፍጠኖች» ብሎ የሰየማቸው) የፖሊቲካ ወገን እንዳይነሳ ማድረግ ነበር። ይህ ሁኔታ የኢትዮጵያ ፖሊቲካን ኢሚዛናዊ አድርጎ የዛሬው የፖለቲካ ችግሮች አንዱ ምክንያት ሆኗል። ለመድግም ያህል የኢህአዴግ ጥረት ብቻ ሳይሆን የጎራው እርስ በርስ መፋጀትና ሌሎቹ ከላይ የተጠቀሱት የታሪክ ምክነያቶች ናቸው የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት የፖለቲካ ኃይል እንደመነምን ያደረጉት። 

በደምብ ማስተዋል ያለብን አናሳን የሚወክል አገዛዝ ህወሓት በተለይም አናሳ ጎሳን የሚወክል አገዛዝ ያለ ሌላው ህዝብ ፈቃድ መግዛት በፍጹም አይችልም። አናሳ ነውና በኃይል በመጨፍጨፍ በማሰር ወዘታ ብቻ ሊገዛ አይችልም። ስለዚህ ህወሓት የማይወክለው ህዝብ እርስ በርሱ እንዲጣላና እንዲከፋፈል ወይም በፖሊቲካ በፈቃደኝነት እንዳይሳተፍ የግድ ያስፈልገዋል። ይህ ካልገባን ወይም ካላመንን ኢህአዴግ በርካታውን የኢትዮጵያን ህዝብ ይወክላል ብለን አመነናል ማለት ነው! ይህን ደግሞ ኢህአዴግ እራሱ አያምንም።

አሁን ግን ይህ ያልተወከለው ህዝብ መሳተፍ የጀመረ ይመስላል። ከ25 ዓመት በኋላ በጎንደር በባህር ዳርና በመላው በአማራ ክልል የምናያቸው የህዝበ ሰልፎች የዚህ ምልክት ናቸው። እርገጥ ከዚህ በፊት የተለላዩ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት ስሜትን ያቀፉ እንቅሳቅሴዎች ለምሳሌ እንደ ቅንጅት አይነት ኖረው ያውቃሉ። እነዚህ ግን ወደ ኋላ ሄደን ስናያቸው በአብዛኛው በከተማ ህዝብ የተመኩና ውስጣቸው የተከፋፈለ ንቅናቄዎች ነበሩና በነዚህ ምክነያቶች ኢህአዴግ በቀላሉ ሊያጠፋቸው ችሏል። ወይም በተለያዩ ብልጥ የመርህ መልሶች እንደ «ልማት እንሰጣቹሃለን ስልጣና ጥቅማችንን አትንኩ እንጂ» የሚለውን እያራመዱ ተቃዋሚዎች የህዝብን ድጋፍን እንዲያጡ አደረጉ።

የዛሬው በአማራ ክልል የሚካሄደው የነፃነት እንቅስቃሴ ግን ከዚህ ታሪክ የተማረ ይመስላል። የአማራ ክልል ህዝብ በደፈናው የኢትዮጲያ ብሄርተኝነት ስሜት ያለው ነው፤ በአማራ ክልል አክራሪም ይሁን ለዘብተኛ የጎሳ ብሄርተኝነት በሞላ ጎደል የለም። እንሆ ለ25 ዓመታት የኢህአዴግ አገዛዝ ዘመን ይህ ሰፊ የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኛ ጎራ ከሞላ ጎደል ከኢትዮጵያ ፕሊቲካ እራሱን አውጥቶ ይኖር ነበር። አሁን ግን ተነስቷልና የሚዘልቅ ከሆነ ኢህአዴግ በምንም መንገድ ልያቆመው አይችልም።

ለኢህአዴግ አዲስ አበባና ኦሮሚያ ይቀሉታል። በእነዚህ ቦታዎች የተለያዩ ህዝቦች መደቦችና ጎሳዎች አሉና ጠንከር ያለ ጭቆና በማራመድ መከፋፈልን (ኦነግ ሊያርድህ ነው ወይም አማራ ሊገዛህ ነው ወይም ንብረትህ ሊወድምብህ ነው እያለ) ጥርጣሬንና ፍረሃትን አስፍኖ የፖሊቲካን እንቅስቃሴ መግደል ይችላል። በአማራ ክልል ግን እነዚህ መስፈርቶች የሉምና መከፋፈሉ ቀላል አይደለም። ኢህአዴግ ትልቅ የጭቆና እርምጃ ከወሰደ ደግሞ አማራውን በጎሳነቱ ያስተባብረዋልና ይህ የጎሳ ጦርነት ይጋብዛል። ከጥቂት የህወሓት አክራሪዎች በቀር የኢህአዴግ አመራር ይህን በደንብ ይረዱታል አይፈልጉትምም።

ሆኖም ኢህአዴግ እስቲ እንደልማዳችን ወይም ለ25 ዓመታት እንዳረግነው የኃይል እርምጃ በመጀመርያ እንውሰድና ውጤቱን እንየው ብሏል። የኢህአዴግ  ለዘብተኞችም ለአክራሪው ወገን እርምጃህን ሞክር ግን ካልሰራ መሪው ወደኛ እጅ ይገባል ብለው ተስማምተዋል። ንቅናቄው ካልቆመ  በየአቅጣጫው ለውቶች ይጅምራሉ። እያንዳንዱ የመንግስት የህብረተሰብም መዋቅሮች ውስጥ በተለይ ጦር ስራዊት ውስጥ ታላቅ ለውጦች ይኖራሉ። ከላይ የጠቀስኩት የተበላሸው የኢትዮጵያ የፖሊቲካ ሚዛን መስተካከል ይጀምራል። ከስንት ዓመታት በኋላ ከሀገር ፖሊቲካ የጠፋው የኢትዮጵያ ብሄርተኝነት ጎራ ሃላፊነቱን ተቀብሎ ድምጹን ያስከብራል። ይህ ሁኔታ ለመላው የኢትዮጵያ ህዝብ ታላቅ ድል ይሆናል የሀገሪቷን ፖሊቲካ ሁሉን አቀፍ በማድረጉና ወደ እውነታን የሚያንጸባረቅ ትክክለኛው ሚዛን በማስተካከሉ። ነገር ገን ይህ ዕድል ካለፈን…